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In 1979, the National Police Commission recommended the creation of a criminal records agency and database that could be shared at the federal and state levels. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) was established by the merger of the Police Computer Coordination Directorate, the Central Fingerprint Office, the Data Division of the Coordination Division of the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Statistical Section of the Police Research and Development Bureau. Central agencies are controlled by the central government. Most federal law enforcement agencies are under the Ministry of the Interior. The head of each agency is an IPS agent. The Constitution assigns responsibility for maintaining law and order to states and territories, and almost all routine policing activities – including apprehending criminals – are carried out by state police forces. The constitution also allows the central government to participate in police operations and organizations by authorizing the establishment of the Indian Police Service. Scientists generally tend to attribute the bad reputation of the police in India to two main factors. [24] First, the police as an institution in India was first developed by the British as an instrument of control. [24] The Police Act of 1861, which remains “the institutional foundation throughout the country,” ordered the police to focus less on public service and crime investigations and more on “coercive orders and the pacification of crowds.” [24] Second, the police of post-colonial India are affected by the same corruption and abuse of power that plagued the government in general. [24] Police are known for excessive use of force, extortion, and arbitrary and often discriminatory use of authority.

[24] The provincial armed police is an armed reserve maintained in key locations in some states and activated by order of the deputy inspector general and higher authorities. The armed gendarmerie is generally not in contact with the public, unless it is assigned to VIP service or to maintain order during fairs, festivals, sporting events, elections and natural disasters. They can be sent to quell outbreaks of student or labour unrest, organized crime and community unrest; Maintain key guard posts and participate in counterterrorism operations. According to the mission, the Provincial Armed Constabulary can only lead Lathis. Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), founded in 1963, is deployed on the Indo-Nepalese and Indo-Bhutanese borders. SSB, which has more than 82,000 employees, is trained in law and order, military tactics, jungle warfare, counterinsurgency and homeland security. Its personnel are also deployed in the Office of Intelligence (IB), the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), the Special Protection Group (SPG) and the National Security Guard. Officers begin as deputy commander (equivalent to deputy superintendent of police in a state force) and retire with the rank of inspector general (IG).

The Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) is headed by the Director General of Intelligence (Income Tax), which was established to combat cross-border illicit funds. The DCI conducts covert investigations against “individuals and transactions suspected of being involved in criminal activities with cross-border, interstate or international implications that pose a threat to national security and are punishable under direct tax laws.” [6] The 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, which demonstrated the inadequacy of the existing border management system, led to the formation of the Border Security Forces as a unified central armed police force to guard India`s border with Pakistan. The BSF`s police capability was used in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war against Pakistani forces in the least threatened areas. During the war or by order of the central government, the BSF was commanded by the Indian Army; BSF troops participated in the Battle of Longewala in 1971. After the 1971 war (which led to the creation of Bangladesh), the force was tasked with monitoring the border with Bangladesh. The armed police are divided into two groups: the district armed police and the provincial armed gendarmerie. The armed district police is organized as an infantry battalion of the army. They are assigned to police stations and perform guard and escort tasks. States that maintain armed contingents use them as an emergency reserve force. The units are organized as a mobile armed force under state control or, in the case of the district armed police (which is not as well equipped), as a force led by district commissioners and usually used to fight riots. The Border Security Force (BSF) is responsible for monitoring India`s land borders in peacetime and preventing cross-border crime. As a central police unit under the Ministry of Interior, VIP security, election monitoring, guarding vital facilities and anti-Naxal operations include.

The maintenance of forests and woodlands is the responsibility of the respective State Forest Service, which is managed by the head of the Indian Forest Service (IFoS). The main mandate of the service is the implementation of national forest policies to ensure the ecological stability of the country through the protection and sustainable participatory management of natural resources.